Gluten-related issues, whether from a gluten allergy or intolerance, can significantly affect your health and well-being. It’s essential to differentiate between the two, as their symptoms, severity, and long-term consequences vary widely.

Symptoms of a Gluten Allergy

Gluten allergy symptoms are similar to other food allergies and typically result in a histamine reaction. This can cause symptoms such as:

• Swelling and itching of the mouth, throat, or tongue
• Diarrhea and stomach cramps
• Hives or skin rashes
• Fatigue and weakness
• Runny nose and itchy eyes

These symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening depending on the individual. If experiencing such symptoms, antihistamines can help alleviate discomfort.

Gluten Intolerance and Celiac Disease

Often confused with a gluten allergy, gluten intolerance (also known as celiac disease) is not an allergy but an autoimmune disorder. When someone with celiac disease consumes gluten, their immune system attacks the small intestine, leading to long-term damage. Early signs are subtle, including:

• Gas and bloating
• Mild fatigue
• Dull stomach pain

As the condition progresses, the body struggles to absorb essential nutrients, leading to symptoms similar to malnutrition. Over time, untreated celiac disease can cause severe health complications, even though the early stages may appear mild.

Key Differences Between Allergy and Intolerance

Unlike gluten allergies, which trigger immediate allergic responses, gluten intolerance can go unnoticed for years, as the symptoms may not surface immediately after eating gluten. In celiac disease, the body’s autoimmune response damages the small intestine, making it difficult to absorb nutrients, regardless of a healthy diet.

Diagnosis and Management

If you suspect gluten intolerance or celiac disease, a gastrointestinal endoscopy with a small intestinal biopsy is often used to confirm the diagnosis. While this procedure may sound intimidating, it’s generally safe and helps doctors identify the condition accurately.

People diagnosed with celiac disease or gluten intolerance must follow a strict gluten-free diet to prevent further intestinal damage and manage symptoms.